Operation Market Garden (市場花園行動) 遊記 [ Oct 2018 ] 第三章 ( 第二節)

2018年10月27日中午,我們來到位於 荷蘭安肯 Arnhem 以西 Oosterbeek 「Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'」,這所博物館前身是酒店,Operation Market Garden 期間是英國第一空降師總指揮部。現址已被改建成傘兵博物館,紀念「英國第一空降師」對解放安肯 Arnhem 所作出犧牲。

 展館雖然細小,展出不多,但件件精品。地牢更被佈置成戰場,令參觀者能體驗當年激烈戰況和第一空降師出生入死之凶險。因博物館正在維修,大樓四周被圍上布幕,故不能看見酒店真身,有點可惜。館內設有小型茶室,在此午膳是不錯的選擇。飯後小休片刻,在戶外玩玩大砲、坦克車,就跟隨導遊去 「Ootersbeek perimeter 」尋幽探秘。 

「Ootersbeek perimeter 」是英國第一空降師最後防線。在第一日安肯 Arnhem 空降行動中(17-9-1944),只有 John Frost 率領的第二傘兵營.能順利避開德軍防線,徒步抵達六英哩外安肯 Arnhem 行車大橋北岸,可惜經數日孤軍作戰,最後被德軍裝甲師擊潰並投降。其他第一師增援部隊,包括第一師司令官 Roy Urquhart 將軍師部隊伍,均未能突破德軍防線,推進到目標安肯 Arnhem 大橋,增援 John Frost 部隊,更被圍困在 Oosterbeek 一帶。 由於情勢危急,英軍决定用民居作碉堡,以 Hartenstein 酒店司令部做圓心,建立一個袋形防線,袋口位於萊茵河畔,westerbouwing 與 Oosterbeek 舊教堂之間,史稱 「Ootersbeek perimeter 」。

最後英軍不敵,經九日奮戰,終要趁夜色偷渡萊茵河撤退。安肯一役,造成英國第一空降師 1984 人陣亡,六千多人被俘。在投入作戰約一萬人中,只有不到二千能安全撤離。 因當年隨軍記者曾拍下不少珍貴照片,記錄 「安肯 Arnhem 戰役」,導遊於是精選十數張經典照,帶領我們尋回歷史現場。那些照片我當然看過,能夠親身去到歷史照片源頭,感受一下,令我非常雀躍。 

看過電影「A Bridge Too Far 英雄塚」都會記得,片中有一位荷蘭女士,將大屋借出,讓英兵療傷。現實中確有此人,她就是 Kate’s ter Horst,一個百分百家庭主婦,居所就在最前線,英軍 「Ootersbeek perimeter 」防線袋口,Ootersbeek 舊教堂旁。 當我們参觀教堂時,仍能清楚見到牆上彈孔,密如蜂巢,觸目驚心,可見當年戰況之激烈。但 Kate’s ter Horst 卻毫不猶疑將大屋借出,讓英軍設立戰地醫院,還冒生命危險,親自協助料理傷兵,絕不退縮。因為有無比勇氣,Kate’s ter Horst 被譽為 「安肯天使 Angel of Arnhem」,永遠受人尊敬,留芳百世,名留青史。

Sam Tse 撰文


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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein',John Frost, 右下角可見他用過的 Hunting horn。




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' 蒙哥馬利





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' 波蘭第一獨立傘兵旅指揮官,Stanisław Sosabowski 將軍。




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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AirborneAirborne Museum 'Hartenstein' ,英國第一空降師司令Roy Urquhart 將軍。 Museum 'Hartenstein'






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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein',滑翔機機師





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' 地牢






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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' 地牢





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' 地牢





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' 地牢




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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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英國第一空降師司令 Roy Urquhart 將軍,當年所站同一位置。





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' cafe





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'





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1944年 Operation Market Garden,英國第一空降師士兵以降落傘,吸引盟軍補






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1944年9月21日晚,兩名德軍企圖滲透,被英軍當場





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1944年9月21日,Ootersbeek perimeter,75mm howitzer





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6磅反坦克砲





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英傘兵掘壕據守





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英第一空降師總部





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行動次日,英傘兵仍能取得空投補給





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迫擊砲小隊





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ON 20 SEPTEMBER THE REMNANTS OF
4 PARACHUTE BRIGADE HELD THIS HOLLOW
AGAINST GERMAN ATTACKS, PRESSED
WITH TANKS AND FLAME-THROWERS.
THEY THEN BROKE THROUGH TO
CONTINUE THIS FIGHT IN OOSTERBEEK.





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位於 Valkenburglaan ,Oosterbeek 紀念柱,上面寫住:「ON 20 SEPTEMBER THE REMNANTS OF
4 PARACHUTE BRIGADE HELD THIS HOLLOW
AGAINST GERMAN ATTACKS, PRESSED
WITH TANKS AND FLAME-THROWERS.
THEY THEN BROKE THROUGH TO
CONTINUE THIS FIGHT IN OOSTERBEEK.」






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Oosterbeek 舊教堂外紀念碑:「NOT ONE SHALL BE FORGOTTEN」





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Oosterbeek 舊教堂





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1944年9月,Operation Market Garden,Oosterbeek 舊教堂





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安肯天使 Angel of Arnhem





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Kate’s ter Horst









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